The Empress of Floreana: A Paradise murder mystery in the Galapagos
A lone compass, weathered by sea salt and time, rests on the rocky shore, its needle pointing toward ancient stone ruins. The setting sun bathes Floreana Island in hues of fiery orange and soft violet. Flamingos wade in brackish lagoons, while the calls of mockingbirds echo from the trees. Sea lions sprawl lazily along the coast, basking in the fading light.
This is where a compelling story of utopia and human nature begins—a tale that unraveled into a bizarre, unsolved mystery.
In the early 1930s, a handful of European settlers arrived on this remote island, each drawn by the same siren call of paradise. But what started as a quest for peace would soon become a real-life saga of intrigue, rivalry, and tragedy. By 1934, four of the seven settlers had vanished or died under strange circumstances. These haunting events turned Floreana into a place where myth and reality intertwine, a legacy that has now inspired the upcoming film, Eden. It’s a powerful story of ambition, obsession, and a paradise shadowed by dark secrets.
Pioneers of a troubled Eden: The first settlers of Floreana
The dream of a remote paradise lured an eclectic cast of characters to Floreana Island in the early 1930s. Inspired by the earlier arrival of Friedrich Ritter and Dore Strauch, others followed in pursuit of their own vision of utopia. In 1932, the Wittmer family arrived, fleeing Germany’s economic crisis. Margret Wittmer, pregnant at the time, would soon give birth to Rolf—the first child officially born on Floreana.
But reality, as it so often does, quickly shattered their romantic notions. Resources were scarce, and survival became a relentless struggle to cultivate food and build shelter. The dream of a tranquil haven for philosophical reflection gave way to the brutal demands of life on the edge. To make matters worse, the settlers—each with starkly different temperaments and ambitions—found themselves bound together in uneasy coexistence, their incompatibility fueling growing tensions.
The Arrival of the Baroness
The fragile peace was utterly shattered with the arrival of the self-proclaimed Austrian "Baroness" Eloise Wehrborn de Wagner-Bosquet in October 1932. She arrived with two German lovers and an ambitious plan to build a luxury hotel.
The Baroness was a force of nature—flamboyant, extroverted, and theatrical. She boldly declared herself "Empress of Floreana", and she quickly seized control of the island’s scarce resources. She intercepted mail, rewrote letters to European newspapers to cast herself as the island’s star, and hoarded food that was meant to be shared.
Relations between the three households quickly unraveled. The Baroness was said to mistreat her lover Lorenz, who often fled to the Wittmer family for refuge. What began as a shared pursuit of utopia had devolved into a tangle of rivalries, jealousy, and simmering conflict. The stage was set for the dark and mysterious events soon to unfold.
Strauch, Ritter, the Wittmer family & the Baroness, Floreana Island, 1930s. Allan Hancock Foundation Collection, http://cdm15799.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll82/id/25728/rec/44
The Unsolved Mystery: A Disappearance in Paradise
Life on Floreana Island unraveled as the utopian dream buckled beneath the strain of clashing personalities. By early 1934, the once-idealistic experiment in paradise had become a simmering cauldron of resentment and hostility.
A Tarnished Paradise
Daily life on Floreana devolved into a string of hostile encounters. The Baroness staged raucous parties to provoke her neighbors. Petty disputes multiplied, tempers flared, and accusations mounted, as hoarding resources and intercepting supplies broke trust. Even the most basic cooperation collapsed.
When Margret Wittmer, pregnant with her second child, sought Dr. Ritter’s help, he coldly refused. The island of dreams had descended into open hostility.
The Vanishing Act
On March 27, 1934, the mystery began. The Baroness and her companion vanished without a trace. According to Margret Wittmer, they had departed for Tahiti aboard a visiting yacht—but no such vessel was ever recorded, and they left behind personal belongings the Baroness would never have abandoned.
Later accounts hinted that Dore Strauch may have heard unsettling noises the night of their disappearance, though her memoir offers no confirmation. Rumors spread that Lorenz had murdered the couple. The enigma deepened when Lorenz himself attempted to flee the island shortly afterward.
He and a Norwegian sailor were later discovered as mummified remains on Marchena Island, far off course, apparently having died of dehydration. The final, eerie twist came in November 1934, when Dr. Ritter died—reportedly from consuming spoiled chicken—a strikingly odd fate for a vegetarian and seasoned survivalist.
Modern Floreana: Beyond the Legend
Today, Floreana Island stands in striking contrast to its dark past. With around 150 inhabitants, the small community now thrives peacefully where jealousy and murder once took hold. The legendary “Empress of Floreana” may have vanished, but her story endures, lending a thrilling mystique that continues to captivate visitors.
The descendants of the Wittmers, the only original settlers to remain, continue to welcome visitors at the small hotel they founded decades ago. Floreana offers travelers a chance to explore both its rich history and stunning natural beauty: leave a postcard in the legendary barrel at Post Office Bay, stroll along the black and green sand beaches of Cormorant Point, and snorkel around Champion Islet, where sea lions, rays, and vibrant schools of fish await.
Explore this magical island and its storied past with our South Expedition (D) aboard the Galapagos Legend or the Coral I and Coral II Yachts. Let us take you to the very places where this unforgettable history unfolded.
Ritter & Strauch, Friedo, Floreana, Galapagos, 1932”. Allan Hancock Foundation Collection,
USC Libraries. Courtesy of USC Digital Library.
Floreana’s Story on the Big Screen: Ron Howard’s ‘Eden’
The mysterious saga of the Empress of Floreana has finally reached mainstream audiences through Ron Howard’s thrilling new film, Eden. This historical survival thriller brings the Baroness’s enigmatic story to life with striking authenticity.
The film features a stellar ensemble cast, including Jude Law as Friedrich Ritter and Ana de Armas as the Baroness. Howard skillfully balances historical accuracy with cinematic suspense, noting that the real Baroness was even more theatrical than depicted on screen.
Released theatrically in Germany in April 2025 and in the US in August 2025, Eden has sparked a range of reactions from critics, from praise for its vivid storytelling to debate over its dramatization of events.
Discover the Secret for Yourself
The mystery of Floreana Island is one of history's most captivating unsolved cases. What began as a quest for paradise ultimately transformed into a tale of jealousy, rivalry, and unexplained deaths. Today, the very isolation that once turned utopia into a pressure cooker now offers travelers a serene escape.
The descendants of the Wittmers, who lived through the island’s mysterious past, now welcome visitors to the very paradise that once harbored dark secrets. Floreana has transformed its notorious history into a thriving, close-knit community, offering a unique approach to tourism that benefits all its inhabitants.
Don’t just read about the legend—experience it. On Floreana, history and adventure intertwine. Walk the very shores where a real-life mystery unfolded, then dive into some of the Galapagos’ best snorkeling. At Champion Islet and Devil’s Crown, a sunken volcanic crater, the waters are alive with sea lions, rays, and vibrant schools of fish.
Before you leave, honor a centuries-old tradition at Post Office Bay by dropping a postcard in the legendary barrel—connecting your journey with those of travelers past.
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